|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Foundational; vocabulary, sources: Qur’an, Hadith, First Empire |
|
Persian Sassanid Empire defeated by the Arabs in
640 |
|
Ummayad clan first dynasty, overthrown by
Abbasids in 750 |
|
|
|
|
Arab-Berber Moorish kingdoms Northwest Africa,
711 Spain |
|
|
|
|
Early influence in politics, theology, mystical
religion (Sufism), continuing understructure in East |
|
Sufi, mystical Islam and monastic orders |
|
Ongoing Cultural influences on subsequent
Eastern conquerors |
|
|
|
|
950
Seljuk Turks expand in Persia |
|
998
Afghan Turks ravage, conquer India, Central Asia, Middle East. (Abbasids continue as puppets) |
|
Greek Emperor requests aid from Europe,
“Crusades” begin against Turks |
|
|
|
|
1187
Saladin (Saracens, Crusades) overthrows Shia Egyptian Fatimids,
reunites Middle East to resist Franks and recover Jerusalem |
|
|
|
|
1258
Genghis Khan’s grandson defeats Abbasid Empire, then Mongols
incorporate the Turkish kingdoms |
|
Muslim influence spreads into Far East, into
Russia, through Mongol-Tartar Empire,largest Empire in the history of the
world |
|
1526
Mogul Empire founded by Afghan Mongol Babur in Delhi, establishes
high Muslim culture |
|
|
|
|
1206 Afghan Turks establish
Sultanate of Delhi |
|
Great response to Islam in “India,” leading to
modern “Pakistan” as a “Muslim” entity |
|
Khan, Mongol ruler title, becomes family name in
Northern India, Pakistan |
|
But more Muslims now in India than anywhere
except Indonesia |
|
Islamic Shia sects of Indians all over the world |
|
|
|
|
Ottomans gain supremacy in the Turkish kingdoms,
resist the Mongols, expand to control the whole Muslim world |
|
Turks absorb the Indo-European peoples in Asia
Minor, so Turkik genes are minimal in Turkey |
|
Ottomans control much of Central Europe, stop at
Vienna |
|
Ottoman Empire weakens in 1800s, lose final
control after World War 1 |
|
Greece and Central Europe become independent |
|
|
|
|
Saudis unite much of the Arabian Peninsula in
1800’s, resist Turks |
|
Southern Arabia (Yemen, Oman, etc.) peripheral,
under European influence from 1600s: |
|
|
|
|
Greek Philosophy, rediscovered 800s by Arab,
Spanish, Persian, then Turkish Scholars, basis of “classical” Muslim
theology, Western “orthodox” medieval theology |
|
20th Century, much neo-Islam in
Europe – many British Muslims, some French, a few Americans |
|
Racialist “Nation of Islam” converted to real
Islam with leader’s death |
|
|
|
|
|
|
God had honored them with a Book |
|
Christians also “People of the Gospel” |
|
Abyssinian King Negus gave refuge to Muslims |
|
Many Arab tribes were already largely Christian. |
|
Many welcomed relief from the pagan Arab raiders |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
“Dispute you not with the People of the Book
(Jews and Christians) except with means better (than mere disputation),
unless it be with those of them who inflict wrong (and injury): But say: ‘We believe in the Revelation
which has come down to us and in that which came down to you; our God and
your God is One; and it is to Him we bow (in Islam).” |
|
-- Quran 29:46 |
|
|
|
|
“Say (Muslims):
We believe in Allah and that which is revealed unto us and that
which was revealed unto Abraham, and Ishmael, and Isaac, and Jacob, and the
tribes, and that which Moses and Jesus received, and that which the
Prophets received from their Lord.
We make no distinction between any of them, and unto Him we have
surrendered.” -- Quran 2:136 |
|
|
|
|
“Lo! Those who believe (in that which is
revealed unto thee, Muhammad), and those who are Jews, and Christians, and
Sabeans – whoever believeth in Allah and the Last Day and doeth right –
surely their reward is with their Lord, and there shall no fear come upon
them neither shall they grieve.” -- Quran 2:62 |
|
|
|
|
“Say: O
People of the Scripture! Come to an
agreement between us and you: that we shall worship none but Allah, and
that we shall ascribe no other partner unto Him, and that none of us shall
take others for lords beside Allah.
And if they turn away, then say: Bear witness that we are they who
have surrendered (unto Him).” -- Quran 3:64 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Notes