BERBER
•Arab-Berber Moorish kingdoms Northwest Africa, 711 Spain
•  778    Moors turned back at Tours France
    by Franks and Arab Abbasid allies
•  Rediscovery of Classical Western
   knowledge by Moorish scholars
•  Ummayad Moors continue till 1258
•  Moors continue in small regional
   kingdoms till final expelled 1492
Cultural Influences